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“Do not muzzle the ox”

Deuteronomy 25:4
Legal referenceSettledMoses
Do not muzzle an ox while it is treading out the grain. (Deuteronomy 25:4 BSB)
* Oxen threshed grain by treading it on the threshing floor; a muzzle would stop the working animal from eating as it labored. The law says the worker may eat from his work, and Paul applies it twice to paying those who labor in ministry.

What it sounds like today

A minor kindness-to-animals rule about oxen.

The cultural key

The picture is the ancient threshing floor: grain was separated from the husk by having oxen walk or drag a sledge over the spread-out stalks, and a hungry ox, treading all day amid heaps of grain, would naturally snatch mouthfuls as it worked. The Law forbids muzzling it: the animal that does the labor is allowed to eat from it. On the surface it is a humane rule about not tormenting a working beast with food it cannot touch. But its deeper principle, that a worker deserves a share of what his labor produces, is one the New Testament seizes on. Paul quotes this exact verse twice to argue that those who labor in preaching and teaching deserve material support: 'Do not muzzle an ox while it treads out the grain,' adding, 'the worker deserves his wages' (1 Corinthians 9:9; 1 Timothy 5:18). A modern reader sees a quaint animal law; the first hearers, and Paul, heard a principle about the just reward of work.

Recovered meaning

Oxen threshed grain by treading it, and muzzling one would stop the working animal from eating as it labored; the law lets the worker share in his work. Paul quotes it to argue that those who labor in ministry deserve to be supported.

Parallels: 1 Corinthians 9:9; 1 Timothy 5:18
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